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Tuesday, May 31, 2022

Government Greed Caused Inflation, For the Record

Government policies fail and create problems in the real world every day. But most Americans are so busy in their daily lives and so detached from the political system that they do not notice…or at least they don’t know enough to point to the root of the problem.

Such is not the case with the current skyrocketing inflation, which has gotten everyone’s attention. Gas is topping $7 per gallon in some regions. Beef prices are up 20 percent since last year. Meanwhile, rent jumped an average of 14 percent across the nation. Americans of all political persuasions rank inflation as the most pressing problem they face, and many are demanding answers for why they are suddenly unable to afford rent or buy meat. Rightfully so.

While there’s a shortage of basic necessities in the country, there’s also a shortage of actual leaders in DC who will take responsibility for the failure of their ideas. Instead, we see a bunch of elderly representatives essentially trying to say that their dog ate their homework. While Democrats have tried to blame Putin, “ultra-MAGA” supporters, and other random strawmen for the inflation, it seems most are beginning to coalesce around the weakest scapegoat of all: corporate greed.

This is a convenient narrative for a party whose ideas rely on the demonization of success and class warfare. But there is absolutely nothing to back up such claims.

As Senator Rand Paul (R, KY) and many others recently pointed out, companies and business leaders did not just all of a sudden become greedy in the past two years.

The persistence of this line of attack reveals a few things. First, it shows these people are not interested in getting to the root cause of inflation or preventing it from occurring again.

For those unfamiliar with the real causes of inflation, there’s actually a basic recipe that tends to repeat in cycles in the US. The government gets greedy and wants to live beyond its means, promising all manner of special favors and services in exchange for votes that enshrine the political power of politicians. They pass spending bills we don’t have the money to afford. And then, in response, the Federal Reserve prints new dollars. This leads to more dollars chasing fewer goods—fewer goods, in this case, thanks to lockdowns, trade wars, and tariffs that have stagnated the economy. Boom, inflation.

It is unsurprising that the left and many on the right do not want to cop to this fact and discuss the true causes of inflation. It is, after all, their pet projects that created the problem. Instead, they’re still trying to convince Americans that legislation like the $1.9 trillion “American Rescue Plan” helped Americans. (It actually kicked inflation into high gear).

Besides being a flagrant attempt at hoodwinking the American people, the narrative that corporate greed led to inflation also reveals an even deeper problem with the left’s ideology: these people have no idea how markets work or what conditions actually create prosperity.

Corporations and individuals should be driven to make money, that’s a positive incentive under capitalism. Profit-seeking ensures companies stay afloat, are able to provide goods and services people need, and provide consistent employment. It ensures our GDP continues to grow, that we see more innovation and competition, and ultimately, as a result, we continue to see our quality of life improve.

As Adam Smith famously pointed out in The Wealth of Nations, “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.” Capitalism mandates that in order to make a profit, corporations and entrepreneurs must provide a valuable service or commodity to society in order to succeed.

This is what ultimately makes capitalism the most moral system. It recognizes that human nature is self-interested. And it finds a way to wrangle that reality and direct it in a way that actually benefits everyone.

It is silly to be mad at corporations for wanting to make a profit. But in this case, it’s actually demagoguery meant to convince the masses to carry their pitchforks to the wrong castle.

The blame for inflation should be laid directly at the feet of the federal government. Don’t let them distract you from that.

 Hannah Cox
Hannah Cox

Hannah Cox is the Content Manager and Brand Ambassador for the Foundation for Economic Education.

This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.

Government Greed Caused Inflation, For the Record

Tuesday, May 24, 2022

Vintage Photos - Oestreicher (1078-1081)

See the previous post in this series here.

I had the opportunity to pick up a huge batch of slides a while back. These pictures span from as early as the late 1940s to as late as the early 1990s. These came to me second hand but the original source was a combination of estate sales and Goodwill. There are many thousands of these slides. I will be scanning some from time to time and posting them here for posterity.

Getting your pictures processed as slides used to be a fairly common thing but it was a phenomenon I missed out on. However, my Grandfather had a few dozen slides from the late 1950s that I acquired after he died. That along with having some negatives I wanted to scan is what prompted me to buy a somewhat decent flatbed scanner that could handle slides and negatives, an Epson V600. It can scan up to four slides at a time with various post-processing options and does a decent enough job.

This set continues a rather large batch of slides that originally came from an estate sale and appear to have belonged to a locally well known photographer (or perhaps a friend or family member) from the Spokane Washington area and later Northern Idaho named Leo Oestreicher. He was known for his portrait and landscape photography and especially for post cards. His career started in the 1930s and he died in 1990. These slides contain a lot of landscape and portrait photos but also a lot of photos from day to day life and various vacations around the world. Here's an article on him from 1997 which is the only info I have found on him: http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/jan/04/photos-of-a-lifetime-museum-acquisition-of-leo/

Many of these slides had the date they were processed stamped or printed on them. I've found that in cases where I could verify the date, either because a more specific date was hand written or there was something to specifically date the photo in the photo itself, that this date has typically been the same month the photos were taken. In other words, I expect that in MOST cases these photos were taken relatively near the processing date.

Click the link below to also see versions processed with color restoration and Digital ICE which is a hardware based dust and scratch remover, a feature of the Epson V600 scanner I am using. There are also versions processed with the simpler dust removal option along with color restoration.

The first photo in this set that matches up with the last photo in the previous set. Mostly the same group of people taken at the same time anyway. I believe the person in the back left is Leo Oestreicher. The second photo is labeled "Bull Currier and Dixie" and the third photo is labeled "Nellie Brown - June 1953". The last photo is unlabeled and undated but features a flower with snow on it. All of these were probably taken between the early 1950s and early 1960s.





Bill Currier and Dixie


Nellie Brown - June 1953



The entire collection that has been scanned and uploaded so far can also be found here.

Monday, May 16, 2022

Compute! (March 1982)

Compute! (March 1982)

Compute! was an early multi-format computer magazine that prospered from the early 1980s until the early 1990s. In 1982, computers such as the Commodore PET, VIC-20, Atari 400/800 and Apple II were covered among others. The March 1982 issue includes:

Features

  • The Winter of Our Content: A Report on the January Consumer Electronics Show - There was an impressive line-up of new products revealed at this CES including the Commodore Ultimax, Commodore 64, Bally Astrocade plus the official home version of Pac-Man was released among many other items.

  • Twenty Questions Revisited - A type-in program for a computerized version of twenty questions.

  • Energy Workbook - A type-in program to help you determine the best improvements you can make to your home to increase energy efficiency.

  • Two Short Programs of CAI for Teaching BASIC - I was trying to work out what CAI even stands for. Computer Aided Intelligence maybe?

  • Infinite Precision Multiply - Normally, the Commodore PET has 9 digits of precision for mathematical operations. This program gets around that limitation.

Education and Recreation

  • Family: A Simulation in Genetics - A type-in program for the PET that demonstrates heredity with a hypothetical Martian couple.

  • Large Alphabet for the VIC - Generating a double size character set on the VIC-20.

  • Concentration - A type-in game based on the classic card game, Concentration.

  • Comment Your Catalog - A program to add comments to disk directory listings on you Atari 8-bit computer.

  • Starfight3 - Involves Klingons and the Enterprise. Sounds suspiciously like Star Trek to me? For the VIC-20.


Table of Contents from the March 1982 issue of Compute!

Reviews

  • Votrax Type 'N Talk: TNT - A simple to program speech synthesizer that works with various computers via an RS-232 interface...for $375.

  • Olympia's ES 100 KRO Typewriter/Printer - An typewriter that also works as a printer (or is it the other way around?). It isn't cheap though at $1680.

  • RPL: A FORTH Sequel? - RPL is a FORTH-like computer programming language. Versions for PET/CBM machines are looked at here.

  • Ricochet - An odd combo of checkers and pool by Automated Simulations (which would later become Epyx) for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit and TRS-80.

Columns/Departments

  • The Editor's Notes - Editorial commentary on the new format of the magazine, the importance of reader feedback, and more.

  • Ask The Readers - Various question and answers about Atari BASIC, support for the 6502 processor, programming, and more.

  • Computers And Society - The merging of technology and art from lasers, to cameras to computers.

  • The Beginner's Page: How Computers Remember - A discussion of computer memory and how it works.

  • Basically Useful BASIC: Tabulation - A subroutine for justifying text the way you want in BASIC.

  • Learning With Computers: Word Processing In The Classroom - Even as early as 1982 computers were being used in the classroom and word processing was one of the first truly useful applications. This article discusses using word processors to make the physical act of writing easier so more attention can be paid to the creative aspects.

  • Friends Of The Turtle - Drawing using Atari PILOT.

The Journal

  • Disk Checkout For 2040, 4040, and 8050 Disks - Part 1 of 2. This part discusses manipulating disks/disk drives via machine language.

  • Organizing Data Storage - Sequential vs. Random files.

  • Machine Language Sort Utility - An efficient, machine language sorting routine. Why machine language? The fastest BASIC sort of 200 records in this test was 8 minutes but only 3 seconds for Machine Language.

  • Dynamic Renumber - A program to renumber your BASIC programs.

  • Disk Data Structures: An Interactive Tutorial - The details on how data is structured on a disk.

  • Apple Addresses - Addressing memory in machine language, BASIC floating point and BASIC integer on Apple II computers.

  • More VIC Maps - A discussion on VIC-20 memory maps continued from the previous issue.

  • EPROM Reliability - A detailed analysis for determining EPROM reliability focusing on the 2708 EPROM.

  • Random Music Composition On The PET - A type-in program for generating random music on the PET with various parameters that can be easily changed.

  • Ghost Programming - A method for running many BASIC programs that normally require 24 or 32K of RAM on an Atari with only 16K.


Back cover of the March 1982 issue of Compute!

Read more: https://www.megalextoria.com/wordpress/index.php/2022/05/16/compute-march-1982/

Tuesday, May 10, 2022

Best of Compute! and Gazette (1988)

Best of Compute! and Gazette (1988)

Compute! had a number of spin-off magazines that covered specific computers. Compute!'s Gazette for the Commodore 64 was by far the most popular of these. One of the things published in this magazine (and virtually all computer magazines of the 1980s) were type-in programs. This was a way to get software basically for free and some of it was quite good. You just had to put in a little work. If you didn't want to put in that work, often these programs were also available on disk for a reasonable price. This particular issue of Gazette is a best of issue that includes some of the best software published by Gazette. There are 68 programs included and you didn't have to type them in because it came with a disk. Contents includes:

Strategy Games

  • Chess - Includes some details of the algorithm used. Allows you to add and remove pieces so that you can undo mistakes or setup specific scenarios.

  • Power Poker - Can be played against the computer or another player. This is sort of a two-dimensional poker game played on a 5x5 grid so that each card is part of two hands. The goal is to order the 25 cards that you get in a way to get the most points.

  • Solitaire - A pretty straightforward version of solitaire.

  • Sea Route to India - Similar to games like Westward Ho and Oregon Trail. In this game you must sail from Lisbon around Africa to India while overcoming various obstacles and managing your resources.

  • Campaign Manager - An election simulation. Choose the right states to campaign in, balance campaigning and rest and make other decisions that could win or lose the presidency.

  • Pool - A one or two player pool game in which you must sink as many balls as possible.

  • Bingo 64 - Up to four players can play this computerized version of Bingo.

Action Games

  • Q-Bird - A Q*Bert like game in which you control a baby bluebird that can't quite fly as he avoids predators out to get him.

  • Space Gallery - An arcade game reminiscent of Galaga or Galaxian.

  • Whirlybird - A more complex version of breakout in which you are a spinning bird flinging eggs at the bricks below you.

  • Prisonball - A two player game that combines the features of Pong and Breakout.

  • Quickchange - A combination of three puzzle games: Flip Flop - step on all of the squares on the grid to change their color while avoiding the moving black squares; Missing Pieces - Similar to Flip Flop but now there are holes to avoid; No Turning Back - Similar to the previous two games but now when you step on a square it disappears.

  • Saloon Shootout - Shoot mugs before they fall off the bar while making sure bandits don't steal your bullets.

  • Props - As a pigeon, find the coop with your mate while avoiding the spinning propellers.

  • Powerball - Another variation of breakout. In this one adds in some of the elements of Arkanoid (i.e. power-ups that give you increased abilities).

  • Laser Beam - Avoid the bouncing balls, shoot them to make them safe to touch and then catch them. There is a safe zone you can stand in for a rest as well.


Table of Contents from The Best of Compute! and Gazette (1988)

Programming Utilities

  • Fast Assembler - A compact assembler that only uses 2600 bytes and can assemble to disk or memory.

  • Disk Editor - View and alter individual bytes on disk.

  • Fast File Copier - Quickly make single or multiple backups of individual files. Also allows deleting, renaming and more.

  • Omega Sort - A fast sort routine for multi-dimensional arrays.

  • Automatic Syntax Checker - Checks that every BASIC line you enter is a valid statement.

  • X BASIC - This extension to BASIC adds a variety of commands to make adding graphics and sound to your programs easier.

Graphics Utilities

  • Fontier - An 80-column character editor for the Commodore 128 that can be used in CP/M and Commodore 64 mode in addition to Commodore 128 mode.

  • Expandable Graphics Dumps - Gives you the ability to print hi-res screens from Print Shop, Doodle, Koala and other programs straight to the Commodore 1526 or MPS-802 printer.

  • Hi-Res Screen Dump - Somewhat similar to the above but works with the Commodore 1525 and MPS-801 printers.

  • Sprite Magic - A sprite editor for the Commodore 64.

  • Fast Hi-Res Screen Dump - A high speed screen dump program that works with Epson, Gemini and compatible printers.

Applications

  • Skyscape - Displays constellations and planets as seen from any position on Earth and date from 1977 onward.

  • Number Construction Kit - An educations math program for kids with a construction theme.

  • Home Financial Calculator - Allows you to calculate a wide variety of budgetary items. The main menu lets you chose Future Value with Periodic Interest, Future Value with Interest Compounded Continuously, Future Value with Cash Flows, Withdrawal of Funds, Net Present Value and Calculator Mode. Designed to be easily modifiable so that you can add your own calculations.

  • Budget Planner - A mini spreadsheet designed to handle weekly and monthly income and expenses for a year.

  • Cataloger - A tool to aid in organizing your disk library.


Back cover of The Best of Compute! and Gazette (1988)

Read more: https://www.megalextoria.com/wordpress/index.php/2022/05/10/best-of-compute-and-gazette-1988/

Monday, May 9, 2022

“Ministry of Truth” Trends on Twitter After Government Unveils New “Disinformation Governance Board”

On Wednesday news broke that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—a department that didn’t exist 20 years ago but today spends $52 billion annually—had created a new “Disinformation Governance Board.”

The news comes just days after Twitter accepted Tesla-founder Elon Musk’s offer to buy Twitter for $44 billion, a move that critics of the deal claimed could unleash disinformation. (Musk has been vocal in his support for free speech.)

DHS declined to be interviewed by the Associated Press, but issued a statement after news broke of the development.

“The spread of disinformation can affect border security, Americans’ safety during disasters, and public trust in our democratic institutions,” DHS said.

Perhaps naturally, the revelation that the government had created a new board to fight “disinformation” prompted a slew of Nineteen Eighty-Four comparisons, especially since it came so soon after Musk’s purchase of Twitter.

“Elon Musk buys Twitter to save free speech and days later President Biden announces a Ministry of Truth,” one observer quipped. “It's like we're living through an Ayn Rand/George Orwell novel mash-up.”

For those unfamiliar with George Orwell’s masterpiece, the Ministry of Truth is the propaganda and censorship department of Oceania, the fictional setting for Orwell’s dystopia.

Known as Minitrue in Newspeak, the name Ministry of Truth is a misnomer. Like all the departments in 1984, the name reflects the opposite of what the government actually does.

The book’s protagonist, Winston Smith, learns this in the second half of Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Even the names of the four Ministries by which we are governed exhibit a sort of impudence in their deliberate reversal of the facts. The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation. These contradictions are not accidental, nor do they result from ordinary hypocrisy; they are deliberate exercises in doublethink. For it is only by reconciling contradictions that power can be retained indefinitely.

Smith, who works at the Ministry of Truth, realizes the Ministry of Truth is not the least bit interested in truth. Its use of propaganda is overt, as is its use of banal slogans designed to confuse and humiliate the people of Oceania.

On the exterior of the Ministry of Truth building are three party slogans: "WAR IS PEACE," "FREEDOM IS SLAVERY," and "IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH." Inside the structure, problematic documents are incinerated, dropped down a Memory Hole where they are conveniently forgotten.

One might be tempted to laugh off comparisons between a “Disinformation Governance Board” and the propaganda department in Orwell’s classic work. After all, we’re talking about a novel.

This would be mistaken, however.

For starters, Nineteen Eighty-Four is indeed a fictional work. But it was inspired by the authoritarian regimes and ideologies Orwell witnessed firsthand. A one-time socialist who observed the fighting in the Spanish Civil War—a conflict between fascists and communists—Orwell became a budding libertarian who became disillusioned with collectivism.

In fact, Orwell makes it clear that Nineteen Eighty-Four was inspired by communism.

“[Nineteen Eighty-Four] was based chiefly on communism, because that is the dominant form of totalitarianism,” he told Sidney Sheldon, who purchased the stage rights to the book; “but I was trying chiefly to imagine what communism would be like if it were firmly rooted in the English speaking countries, and was no longer a mere extension of the Russian Foreign Office.”

Stalin’s regime was not the only totalitarian regime to utilize propaganda and censorship, of course. Joseph Goebbels, the chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, is perhaps the single most infamous wielder of propaganda in human history. And of course the Nazis were infamous for their book burning.

The Chinese Communist Party uses propaganda and censorship to such great effect today that scholars say it’s difficult to even know what’s actually happened in the country over the last century.

“At a time when censorship is a part of everyday experience of the Chinese people, even few historians actually know all the history of the party,” historian Sun Peidong recently told The Guardian. “It’s hard to get hold of party history materials as a history researcher nowadays. It’s even harder to know what the past 100 years has really been about.”

This is why Americans should be concerned that the US government—nearly two and a half centuries after it was founded—is suddenly in the business of rooting out “disinformation.”

Humans will always disagree over what is true. Descartes’ first principle—”cogito, ergo sum” posited that the only thing we can know with total certainty is "I think, therefore I am."

It doesn’t take a philosopher to see that a lot of stuff one finds online is drek, so it shouldn’t surprise us that “misinformation”—in various forms and to various degrees—is rampant online.

But history shows that no one wields misinformation and propaganda with greater effectiveness—or at greatest cost—than government.

Orwell understood this. Americans would do well to heed his warning.

Jon Miltimore
Jon Miltimore

Jonathan Miltimore is the Managing Editor of FEE.org. His writing/reporting has been the subject of articles in TIME magazine, The Wall Street Journal, CNN, Forbes, Fox News, and the Star Tribune.

Bylines: Newsweek, The Washington Times, MSN.com, The Washington Examiner, The Daily Caller, The Federalist, the Epoch Times. 

This article was originally published on FEE.org. Read the original article.

“Ministry of Truth” Trends on Twitter After Government Unveils New “Disinformation Governance Board”

Vintage Photos - Oestreicher (1074-1077)

See the previous post in this series here.

I had the opportunity to pick up a huge batch of slides a while back. These pictures span from as early as the late 1940s to as late as the early 1990s. These came to me second hand but the original source was a combination of estate sales and Goodwill. There are many thousands of these slides. I will be scanning some from time to time and posting them here for posterity.

Getting your pictures processed as slides used to be a fairly common thing but it was a phenomenon I missed out on. However, my Grandfather had a few dozen slides from the late 1950s that I acquired after he died. That along with having some negatives I wanted to scan is what prompted me to buy a somewhat decent flatbed scanner that could handle slides and negatives, an Epson V600. It can scan up to four slides at a time with various post-processing options and does a decent enough job.

This set continues a rather large batch of slides that originally came from an estate sale and appear to have belonged to a locally well known photographer (or perhaps a friend or family member) from the Spokane Washington area and later Northern Idaho named Leo Oestreicher. He was known for his portrait and landscape photography and especially for post cards. His career started in the 1930s and he died in 1990. These slides contain a lot of landscape and portrait photos but also a lot of photos from day to day life and various vacations around the world. Here's an article on him from 1997 which is the only info I have found on him: http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/jan/04/photos-of-a-lifetime-museum-acquisition-of-leo/

Many of these slides had the date they were processed stamped or printed on them. I've found that in cases where I could verify the date, either because a more specific date was hand written or there was something to specifically date the photo in the photo itself, that this date has typically been the same month the photos were taken. In other words, I expect that in MOST cases these photos were taken relatively near the processing date.

Click the link below to also see versions processed with color restoration and Digital ICE which is a hardware based dust and scratch remover, a feature of the Epson V600 scanner I am using. There are also versions processed with the simpler dust removal option along with color restoration.

The first three photos in this set feature people and their pets. The last photo appears to be a family portrait on a farm somewhere. The first two photos were processed in April 1958. The others have no labels or dates but are probably from around the same time period.



processed April 1958


processed April 1958





The entire collection that has been scanned and uploaded so far can also be found here.

Monday, May 2, 2022

Sync (January/February 1981)

Sync (January/February 1981)

The Sinclair line of computers was extremely popular in the U.K. during the 1980s in part due to their low price. They also made their way to the U.S. via Timex but failed to achieve much success. While the the first Sinclair computer, the ZX80 was very cheap at the time, it was also very limited with only 1K of memory and a membrane keyboard among other limitations. Commodore's VIC-20 was introduced only a year later as another inexpensive competitor. While it was somewhat more expensive than the ZX-80, at least initially, it had far superior built in sound and graphics capabilities and more RAM (though the CPU was slower, at least for some things). The VIC-20 would go on to be the first computer to sell 1 million units.

Despite the limited success of Sinclair computers in the U.S., they would still have a couple of magazines that covered them. Sync is one of those and the January/February 1981 issue includes:

  • Interview With Clive Sinclair - The man behind Sinclair computers. In addition to the ZX80 and future computer products, he also mentions flat-screen TV technology though he is still referring to CRT technology.

  • Sinclair ZX80 - A detailed review of the ZX80. Being a magazine dedicated to the machine I'm not sure it is really impartial. The key technical specs are a 3.25MHz Z80 CPU and 1KB of RAM.

  • Building a MicroAce - The MicroAce was a ZX80 clone that, at least initially, came in kit form. This article takes you through the steps to build it.

  • Hurkle - A type-in game for the ZX80 in which you must find a beast called a hurkle in a 10x10 grid. You are given a direction after each guess.


  • Table of Contents from the January/February 1981 issue of Sync
  • Nicomacus - A type-in program that implements a mathematical puzzle called a "boomerang" (the computer guesses the number you are thinking of).

  • A Weekend With the ZX80 - From setup to running software to programming.

  • The SYNC Challenge - SYNC challenges readers to rewrite Hammurabi from Creative Computing's "BASIC Computer Games" so that it will work on the 1K ZX80.

  • Crash Cursor - Origin - Intro to a comic strip to be featured in SYNC.

  • Castle Doors - A type-in program that gives you a sort of randomized adventure.

  • Draw a Picture - A type-in program that gives you a simple drawing program for the ZX-80.

  • Dollars & Cents, Pounds & Pence - A type-in educational program that test the students ability the add currencies.

  • LED Load Monitor - When loading programs from cassette tape, the appropriate volume setting had to be figured out by trial and error. This tutorial shows you how to install a couple of LEDs that light up when the level is correct making this a bit easier.


Back cover of the January/February 1981 issue of Sync

Read more: https://www.megalextoria.com/wordpress/index.php/2022/05/02/sync-january-february-1981/